Croatian Sheepdogs are medium-sized dogs. They typically stand between 16 to 20 inches (40 to 50 cm) tall at the shoulder and weigh between 30 to 50 pounds (14 to 22 kg). Males tend to be larger than females.

Croatian Sheepdogs are known for their intelligence, loyalty, and hardworking nature. They are energetic and eager to please, making them responsive to training. The breed is typically good-natured and enjoys being around people as well as other animals. They are highly protective of their family and livestock, which makes them excellent guard dogs.

The breed has a dense, medium-length double coat that is designed to protect against harsh weather conditions. The outer coat is coarse and straight, while the undercoat is soft and thick. Croatian Sheepdogs often come in black or a mix of black and white, though other color combinations can occur. Regular grooming is required to keep the coat healthy and to manage shedding.

Croatian Sheepdogs thrive in active environments and need regular exercise to keep them mentally and physically stimulated. They do well in rural settings, especially where they can have space to roam and contribute to herding tasks. While they can adapt to family life in suburban homes, they should not be left alone for extended periods, as they can become bored and restless without enough activity.

This breed requires regular physical activity to maintain their well-being. Daily walks, playtime, and opportunities to work with livestock or engage in herding activities are ideal. Croatian Sheepdogs excel in dog sports such as obedience, agility, and herding trials. Activities that challenge their intelligence, such as puzzle toys and scent work, can also keep them engaged and fulfill their working instincts.